San Diego City Wire

San Diego County public health officials have confirmed the fourth case of measles this year in a 13-month-old resident who had recently traveled overseas. The county previously confirmed three cases in the region this year. None of the cases are linked, but all are associated with international travel. Before 2024, the last confirmed measles case in the county was in 2019.

The unimmunized infant may have exposed others at specific times and locations. County staff from the Epidemiology and Immunization Services Branch are working with Sharp Grossmont Hospital and Rady Children’s Hospital to identify and contact patients and staff to determine if those possibly exposed at these locations have been vaccinated. They will also evaluate their potential for developing measles.

“Measles is a very contagious disease that can be spread easily by coughing, sneezing or being in the same room with an infected person,” said Seema Shah, M.D., M.P.H., County interim deputy public health officer.

People with symptoms are asked to call their doctor’s office in advance, rather than visit an office directly, so that infection control measures may be taken to prevent exposure to others.

Measles develops seven to 21 days after exposure. Early symptoms include fever, cough, runny nose, and red eyes. A distinctive red rash usually appears one to four days after early symptoms start.

A person is considered contagious four days before and four days after the rash appears. The rash typically begins on the face and head, then proceeds downward and outward to the hands and feet. It fades in the same order it began, from head to feet.

“The best way to prevent measles is by getting the measles vaccine,” said Dr. Shah. “With measles outbreaks occurring in several countries, it is very important that all international travelers get vaccinated. Infants between 6 and 12 months of age who travel should get one dose, and travelers over 12 months of age should get two doses at least four weeks apart.”

Complications from measles are more common in children younger than five years old and adults 20 years and older. Complications can include diarrhea, ear infections, and pneumonia. Death can occur from severe complications, with higher risk among younger children and adults. There is no treatment for measles; bed rest, fluids, and fever control are recommended. People with complications may need treatment for their specific problems.

For more information about measles, other vaccine-preventable diseases, and the shots that protect against them, visit the county’s Immunization Branch online or by phone at (866) 358-2966.